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French Quran (Quran in french)

The Qur'an (Arabic: القرآن; Qur'ān al, "the recitation") is the sacred book of Islam for Muslims they consider resume verbatim word of God Allah. Muslim religious tradition presents him as the first book written in Arabic, with the specific character of Islam in the inimitability in the beauty and ideas.

The Quran contains the words of Allah, "revelations" made to the prophet, the messenger of Islam Muhammad (محمد, Muḥammad) by the archangel Gabriel (جبريل, Jibreel), in Muslim belief. It was revealed to some 610-632, 612-632 for the other. The Qur'an is sometimes called simply al-kitab (the book) or adh-dhikr (reminder). In this sense, it is, for Muslims, the uncreated expression of this attribute of Allah sent to the intention of all mankind.

The Quran is divided into chapters called suras, the number 114 and beginning with the first called Al Fatiha (sometimes translated as "the introductory" or "prologue" or "opening" or "the mother of the Book"). These suras are themselves composed of verses called ayat (plural of Arabic ayah, "proof", "sign", and found particularly in the word ayatollah). The verses are in canonical number 6236 for hafs (Eastern reading) and 6213 for warch (West Reading).

Originally, during the life of Muhammad, the transmission of texts was mainly orally, based on the "recitation" evokes precisely the term Qur'an, even after the establishment in Medina. Some verses or groups of verses were written on the shoulder blades of camels or pieces of leather, for believers. It is fragmentary and rudimentary evidence of the notation

Traditionally separates the Qur'an into two parts which are distinguished by differences in style and themes:

    Suras of Mecca, prior to the Hegira, it is generally shorter suras, religious and liturgical orientation;
    and Medina surahs, post-Hegira, longer and guidance clearly political, societal, legislative.

It is significant that New Year I of Islam starts the Hijra when Muhammad became a political leader. Thus, Islam is a politico-religious doctrine whose mission assigned by the Koran, is the political and social organization of the Muslim (s). The earlier Meccan period AH must nevertheless be regarded as the beginning of the prophecy.

The suras of the early period, Meccan, say mainly the idea of ​​monotheism and define what the Muslim God. There are, among others, the idea of ​​the resurrection of the dead on the Day of Judgment, the oneness of God, etc..

German orientalist Gustav Weil (en) and Theodor Nöldeke established three divisions in the suras revealed in Mecca:

    In the first group, God invites men to not doubt and follow its requirements so as not to attract his wrath. He speaks of creation;
    The suras of the second group describe the duties of every believer: the profession of faith (shahada), prayer (salat), fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage (hajj), almsgiving (zakat) are the five pillars of Islam. These suras invite man to perfect through his devotion to God;
    In the third part, are the stories of the prophets of Islam, a description of the punishment suffered by the people who refused to believe in their messages.

The Medinan suras are "orders". They pose the fundamentals of a new society, in which respect and obedience are due to Muhammad and his family, where the praises go to those who fight and die in jihad (struggle) in the path of God, and where we fight against the oppression of the enemies of Islam.